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Marxist Education

Marxist Education Classes Spring/ Summer 2012

hammer and doveThese free classes will be held on the following Tuesdays from 19:00 - 20:15
7th and 21st February
6th and 20th March
3rd and 17th April and
1st and 15th May.
Unity Office
72 Warterloo Street, Glasgow, G2 7DA

3 minutes walk from Central Station. Beside the Admiral Bar. Press buzzer marked "Unity Office" and go to second floor once inside.

 

Britan's Road to Socialism: Part 1 - age of empires

Capitalism is economically, socially and politically bankrupt. So argues the new edition of Britain's Road to Socialism (BRS), the Communist Party strategy for a society which puts ordinary people first.

capitalism predatoryAs a system, capitalism no longer makes a progressive contribution to human development. Its sole purpose - to make maximum profit for the private owners of industry and commerce - is exposed, together with its deep general crisis and the suffering it causes.

Billions of the world's people live in poverty, without access to education, medical services and sanitation. Populations starve while in other parts of the world food mountains are destroyed. Environmental destruction goes unchecked. Big business fails to cut carbon emissions, depletes finite resources and refuses to invest in safe, renewable energy.

Corruption discredits politics. Culture is usurped to try to ensure that selfishness and individualism permeate society. Social inequality is deep-rooted and endemic.

BRS outlines the development of capitalism, concentrating on its imperialist stage from the late 19th century.

As monopolies grew, each sector of the economy came to be dominated by a handful of giant enterprises. Industrial and banking capital merged to form finance capital. Monopoly capitalists invested abroad, moving some operations overseas and forming vast transnational corporations.

Rivalry between empires for resources and markets intensified. State functions were enhanced during the first world war between the imperialist powers. The ruling class in each of the main capitalist countries used the power of the state to protect their monopolies. Economic and political power fused, giving birth to state-monopoly capitalism.

But after the 1917 October Revolution imperialist domination was challenged by socialism. In response fascism - the terroristic weapon of the most reactionary capitalists - was unleashed in Italy, Germany and elsewhere to crush the demands of working people expressed through their trade unions and communist and workers' parties.

Following World War II imperialism entered its second phase.

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Britain's Road to Socialism: Part 2 - Principles of power

capitalist democracyIt seeks to define present-day relations between economic power and political power, the consequences for the lives of working people and the options that exist for shifting the balance of power in their favour.

The chapter begins by posing the riddle of our democracy. Workers secured the vote almost a century ago. Yet the interests of the very rich remain overwhelmingly dominant - so much so that the distribution of wealth has become even more unequal over the past 50 years.

How can this be? How can working people gain the power to elect governments, yet find that political power is still exercised against them? The answer is that there is more to power than simply governmental power. There is also state power.


This represents the whole complex of institutions that ensure that the necessary conditions are continually reproduced in which capitalist exploitation can take place.

They originated in the 17th century, when capitalist power was first consolidated in Britain.

This state power comprises all the institutions that make the unequal relationship between capital and labour inescapable and also, in terms of the way people see the world, make them seem necessary and normal.

These institutions are the legal system, the apparatus of government represented by the senior Civil Service and intelligence chiefs, the media, the education system and, in the last resort, the forces of armed coercion that defend the rights of capitalist property and prevent labour from exercising its full collective strength.

This capitalist state is far older than our democracy. It ensures that even a government wanting to move in a socialist direction is faced by a functioning system policed by market forces and an array of institutions that will seek to define and limit that government's options.

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The basic tenets of Marxism: a tool for understanding the world.

An Outline Statement for New Members

The basic tenets of Marx’s thought were derived from three separate systems of belief: German philosophy; French utopian socialism; and English political economy. Drawing from these, and by way of inversion, Marx arrived at his basic theoretical position: dialectical and historical materialism.

The Hegelian School of German Philosophy introduced Marx to the idea of the dialectic process at work in history. Hegel posited the theory that all historical change was the product of social conflict, but for Hegel the essential conflict in human society and the consequent "law of motion" in history was but the expression of the dialectic (conflict-debate) process in the human mind. Thus in Hegelian terms the "Idea" was the source of all social, political and historical change. Conversely, Marx considered the "Idea"- the human consciousness- but an expression, albeit not a passive one, of the material world:

It is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but on the contrary, their social being determines their consciousness.

 

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Britan's Road to Socialism: Part 3 - Society's gain

The profit motive on which capitalism is based ensures that crises are endemic in this parasitic system.

Far from solving crises, accumulation, speculation and greed ensure that the merry-go-round of temporary stability is quickly followed by recession.

Social democratic attempts to reform the system have had some positive effects, showing the benefits of public ownership, planning and the redistribution of wealth.

But the social democratic experiment has always been doomed while capitalist economic and state power remains dominant.

This is certainly the case in Britain, Germany, some Scandinavian countries, Australia and New Zealand.

On the other hand, if democratic rather than capitalist public ownership had been implemented - with greater workers' control, less compensation for the former owners and a greater attention to public need rather than private greed - the outcome could have been different and lasted longer.

racismSocialist public ownership would end monopoly capitalist control of the economy and in doing so would put an end to the exploitation of the working class because surplus labour would no longer be performed for capitalist profit.

It would be used instead for the benefit of society as a whole.

The material basis for the oppression of women and black people which sustains class relations would also be removed.

Racism and sexism have operated at an ideological and an economic level to sustain capitalist relations of production.

Since its inception, capitalism has extracted enormous profits from women and black people.

Socialism provides the material basis for ending this oppression and exploitation.

However, it doesn't eradicate it immediately.

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The role of the Communist Party; its relationship with the Labour Party and the trade union movement.

The Communists are distinguished from the other working-class parties by this only:

(1) in the national struggles of the proletarians of the different countries, they point out and bring to the front the common interests of the entire proletariat, independently of nationality.
(2) In the various stages of development which the struggle of the working class against the bourgeoisie has to pass through, they always and everywhere represent the interests of the movement as a whole.
The Communists, therefore, are on the one hand, in their practice the most advanced and resolute section of the working-class parties of every country, that section which pushes forward all others; on the other hand, theoretically, they have over the great march of the proletariat the advantage of clearly understanding the line of march, the conditions, and the ultimate good results of the proletarian movement.

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Britan's Road to Socialism: Part 4 - Quit stalling

Which forces in society can be mobilised to resist the policies of state-monopoly capitalism and won for progressive change and socialism?

Britain's Road to Socialism (BRS) aims to maximise the forces for progress and revolution, and minimise those in opposition at any given stage.

Different groups of people have their own reasons for challenging aspects of today's economic and social system. But their common enemy is state-monopoly capitalism, which exploits workers here and abroad, oppresses large sections of society, strives to roll back democratic rights, blocks progress on every front, generates militarism and war, and now threatens the viability of our planet.

The working class has the most direct interest in overthrowing the system that rules and exploits workers, condemns them to poverty at various stages in life and confines most people to a lifetime of inequality and insecurity.

The new BRS identifies at the core of the working class those industrial workers who produce commodities directly for capitalist profit. But it also breaks new ground with its insistence that public-sector workers are exploited as well, although their surplus value accrues to the capitalist class as a whole through the state. Public services are essential for the functioning of capitalist society, not least those that sustain and enhance the provision of labour power.

In fact, without the labour power supplied by workers, capitalism would almost immediately cease to function.

Self-employed and subcontracted labour also helps provide surplus value for the capitalist class.

Yet the conditions of capitalist production, trade and administration create the potential for the working class to liberate itself. Workers who share the same premises, employer or industry have a common interest in organising to improve their terms and conditions of employment. Through trade unions, in particular, they can develop and express their collective strength as a democratic, disciplined force in society.

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The Party’s political strategy: ‘Britain’s Road to Socialism’. Is there a separate Scottish road to Socialism?

OUR AIM: SOCIALISM

BRS pp. 4-5: 'The Communist Party aims to replace the crisis, insecurity, profiteering, inequality and social conflict of capitalist society with socialism. A socialist Britain would be run for and by the people, not for private capitalist profit. to achieve socialism, the working class and its allies must take political, economic and state power out of the hands of the capitalist state decisive advances towards socialism can only be achieved by mobilising the mass of people in support of an intermediate alternative economic and political strategy .. the socialist revolution will be carried through in Britain by organised mass struggle outside parliament creating and combining with a socialist parliamentary majority'

In sum: to dismantle state power as exercised by monopoly capital and replace by the state power of working people organised as a class committed to socialist development.

 

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Britan's road to Socialism: Part 5 - The new strategy

Strikes and demonstrations are a constant feature of resistance to capitalist society, but they often proceed in isolation from each other and fail to confront the system itself.

So what is needed to overthrow this cycle of booms, busts and wars orchestrated by a minority of business barons - an arrangement dominated by financial speculators and millionaire politicians who steal the wealth produced by the labour of others?

Britain's Road to Socialism (BRS) argues that two fundamental, interlocking elements are needed if state-monopoly capitalism is to be challenged successfully.

First, a coherent alternative economic and political strategy (AEPS) has to be developed that inspires and unites the organised working class and progressive movements.

Second, a popular, democratic anti-monopoly alliance of forces has to be built to pursue such a strategy - an alliance that is sustainable and unstoppable.Progress towards socialism will require the left and the labour movement to learn from the disparate industrial and community battles that take place, and work to unite a mass movement in which the organised working class would be the leading force.

The new BRS recognises that such an alliance must take account of the different conditions in Scotland and Wales, with their own distinctive legislatures, politics and policies.

However, as the majority of the capitalist monopolies are owned and controlled at the British level, and political power is predominantly exercised through the British state, it is essential to maintain and strengthen the unity in the labour and progressive movements built up across the three nations of Britain.

To be effective, the AEPS must have at its heart a left-wing programme (LWP) of policies that promotes the interests of the working class and the majority of ordinary people.

As the class struggle has three distinct but inter-related fronts - economic, political and cultural-ideological - the LWP addresses these areas.

The economic objective must be to protect and improve living standards for working people and their families based on full employment in a modern, productive, balanced and sustainable domestic economy.

The People's Charter for Change, the Charter for Women and the Charter for Youth all contain policies that set out the first steps in this process.

In doing so, they lay the basis for more advanced policies to be developed by a future left-wing government committed to curbing the City financial domination of the economy.

The LWP therefore proposes taking the financial sector and key industries into democratic ownership, imposing controls on the export of capital and ensuring that Britain can pursue its own foreign policy independent from the US and the European Union.

This, alongside establishing a progressive taxation system, would make it possible to fund the massive investment needed in public services, manufacturing and housing, and to develop an integrated, publicly-owned transport system and new and safer forms of energy production.

In order to expand democratic rights and popular participation in every form of struggle, the LWP proposes the repeal of all anti-democratic, racist and anti-trade union laws, abolition of the House of Lords, the renewal of local government and progress towards a federal republic including a parliamentary chamber for England.

The LWP also includes policies to promote the values of collectivism, co-operation, multiculturalism and solidarity, encouraging the development of a people's, democratic culture.

The media monopolies that promote racism, sexism, homophobia, ageism and the values of monopoly capitalism would be broken up in favour of wider participation.

The Morning Star - as the only daily paper of the labour movement and with an editorial policy based on Britain's Road to Socialism - will play an increasingly important role in the battle of ideas to inform, mobilise and inspire the popular and revolutionary movement.

The election of a left government based on a Labour, Socialist and Communist majority - backed by a popular democratic anti-monopoly alliance and committed to the LWP - would mark the opening stage of Britain's socialist revolution, but it will not be achieved without the working class fully engaging in the electoral struggle.

Whether such governments are won with or without electoral alliances or pacts is less important than the need for socialists and communists to approach electoral strategy with a combination of political principle and tactical flexibility.

Different levels of left co-operation, co-ordination and unity are possible in election periods, although the Communist Party's preference is to build strategic alliances based on mass campaigning in between elections rather than rely upon short-term tactical agreements.

Winning elections in England, Scotland and Wales will be necessary to ensure that such a LWP has the democratic endorsement of the people.

Popular support and participation will be vital when countering attempts by monopoly capitalism and its supporters - within and outside the state apparatus - to challenge and sabotage the left government and its policies.

The new edition of Britain's Road to Socialism can now be ordered from CPB, Ruskin House, 23 Coombe Road, Croydon CR0 1BD for £4 (including £1 postage).

 

http://www.morningstaronline.co.uk/index.php/news/content/view/full/109135

 

Introduction to Marxism Tutor’s Notes 1

The Communist World Outlook:
Dialectical and Historical Materialism

Introduction

"The most fundamental question in philosophy is the connection between human beings and the universe in which we exist, between reality and our understanding of it, between our being and our consciousness"

Human consciousness is a truly wondrous phenomenon - sets us apart. Philosophers, writers ponder the human condition: why are we here? The meaning of life? Life after death?

Historically have perceived themselves as part of a special creation: apart from and superior to everything else in the material world; mankind at the heart of the universe; life in all its manifestations God- ordained; fixed; permanent; mind/ consciousness exists independent of matter. This philosophical stance, Marx described as idealism.

 

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